Success in Practical Vocational Nursing 8th Edition Test Bank
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Sample chapter :
Chapter 04: How
Practical/Vocational Nursing Evolved: 1836 to the Present
Knecht: Success in
Practical/Vocational Nursing, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The “first real school of nursing” was located in
|
a.
|
Israel.
|
|
b.
|
Greece.
|
|
c.
|
Italy.
|
|
d.
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Germany.
|
ANS: D
The first real school
of nursing was founded by the Lutheran Order of Deaconesses under the
supervision of a German pastor, Theodor Fleidner, in Kaiserswerth, Germany. The
other options are incorrect.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Knowledge
REF: p.
50
OBJ: 1
TOP:
History KEY:
Nursing Process Step:
N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
2.
The best reason for
studying nursing history is
|
a.
|
to prepare for the NCLEX-PN examination.
|
|
b.
|
to make nurses more professional.
|
|
c.
|
to help nurses adapt to change.
|
|
d.
|
to learn from nursing’s past mistakes.
|
ANS: C
Knowledge of the
changes that have occurred in nursing prepares one to better understand and
adapt to continuing changes. The other options have lesser degrees of validity.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Analysis
REF: p.
50
OBJ: N/A
TOP:
Change in
nursing
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
3.
When was the first
U.S. school of practical nursing founded?
|
a.
|
1830
|
|
b.
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1853
|
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c.
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1892
|
|
d.
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1902
|
ANS: C
The first class for
formal training of practical nurses was offered in 1892 at the YWCA in Brooklyn,
NY.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Knowledge
REF: p.
50
OBJ: 1
TOP:
History—first PN
school
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
4. In what year was practical nurse licensure used for the first time?
|
a.
|
1903
|
|
b.
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1914
|
|
c.
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1938
|
|
d.
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1941
|
ANS: B
Mississippi law
provided for practical nurse licensure in 1914.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Knowledge
REF: p.
57
OBJ: 4
TOP:
Practical nurse
licensure
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
5. The emergence of modern nursing is usually attributed to the
influence of
|
a.
|
Florence Nightingale.
|
|
b.
|
Clara Barton.
|
|
c.
|
Lillian Wald.
|
|
d.
|
Sairy Gamp.
|
ANS: A
Miss Nightingale’s
insistence that nurses be women of good character helped nursing emerge from
its “Dark Ages” and elevated it to a respectable vocation. In addition, she
established a school for nurse training and wrote several books on nursing.
Although Barton and Wald are positive examples in nursing history, neither
influenced nursing to the extent that Nightingale did. Sairy Gamp is a negative
character associated with nursing history.
DIF:
Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: pp.
52-55 OBJ: 2
TOP:
Florence
Nightingale
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
6.
The first formal
training for practical nurses focused on
|
a.
|
care for victims of war injuries.
|
|
b.
|
home care for children and people with
chronic illness.
|
|
c.
|
training visiting nurses and public health
nurses.
|
|
d.
|
creating nursing instructors for nursing
programs.
|
ANS: B
The school at the
Brooklyn YWCA placed the focus of training for practical nurses on home health
care for patients with chronic illness, the aged, and children. The first
program, created in 1892, was not affected by war. When visiting nurses and
public health nurses went into the community, they were armed with their basic
education, as described. Any trained nurse could teach in a practical nurse
program at this point in time.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Knowledge
REF: p. 57 | p. 58 OBJ: 1
TOP:
History KEY:
Nursing Process Step:
N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
7.
The event that had the
greatest influence on the role of practical nurses in modern hospital nursing
was
|
a.
|
the Crusades.
|
|
b.
|
the Industrial Revolution.
|
|
c.
|
the U.S. Civil War.
|
|
d.
|
World War II.
|
ANS: D
World War II and the
shortage of nurses it created greatly expanded the practice sites available to
practical nurses. In the face of the nursing shortage, hospitals gradually
increased the responsibilities designated for the practical nurse. The other
options had a lesser impact on modern hospital nursing.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Analysis
REF: p. 58 | p. 59 OBJ: 3 | 6
TOP: PN
role
change
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
8. When in history was it first recommended that tasks of the RN
and LPN be differentiated and that practical nurses should function under the
supervision of registered nurses?
|
a.
|
1750-1760
|
|
b.
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1826-1850
|
|
c.
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1949-1950
|
|
d.
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1965-1980
|
ANS: C
In 1949, the Joint
Committee on Practical Nurses and Auxiliary Workers in Nursing Services
recommended the title licensed practical nurse to
differentiate between the tasks of PNs and LPNs; the joint committee also
recommended that LPNs work under the supervision of RNs.
DIF:
Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p.
59
OBJ: 4
TOP: LPN
task
differentiation
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
9. The role of self-defined practical nurses throughout history has
been to
|
a.
|
care for the ill, injured, and dying and
birthing mothers.
|
|
b.
|
compete with physicians and surgeons.
|
|
c.
|
perform complex nursing skills
independently.
|
|
d.
|
make contact with the gods on behalf of the
ill person.
|
ANS: A
History has seen
people called attendants, midwives, and self-proclaimed
nurses who had special skills in helping those who were ill. These
self-proclaimed nurses were the original home health nurses and visiting
nurses, who cared for patients who were ill, injured, or dying and mothers who
were giving birth. The other options were never considered roles of the
practical nurse.
DIF:
Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p.
56
OBJ: 4
TOP: Role
of self-proclaimed nurses KEY:
Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
10. The event that had the most profound influence in changing
practical/vocational nursing was
|
a.
|
the depression of the 1930s, when nurses
worked for room and board in lieu of salary.
|
|
b.
|
the post-World War II movement of
practical/vocational nurses into hospital positions.
|
|
c.
|
the American Medical Association (AMA)
proposal to develop registered care technicians as new health care workers.
|
|
d.
|
the first computer-adaptive test for
practical/vocational nursing graduates.
|
ANS: B
The nursing shortage
following World War II was responsible for hospitals hiring
practical/vocational nurses and for the gradual expansion of the role of the
practical/vocational nurse. None of the other options offered had the same
degree of influence as World War II and the subsequent nursing shortage.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Analysis
REF: p. 58 | p. 59 OBJ: 6
TOP:
History KEY:
Nursing Process Step:
N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
11. When permitted by the state Nurse Practice Act, under what
conditions can the LPN/LVN perform complex nursing skills not taught in the
basic educational program?
|
a.
|
When ordered to do so by the attending
physician
|
|
b.
|
When the task is delegated to a competent
LPN/LVN by a supervising RN
|
|
c.
|
When the LPN/LVN has graduated from a
nursing program accredited by the National League for Nursing
|
|
d.
|
When the state of practice has declared a
severe nursing shortage
|
ANS: B
Delegation, if allowed
by the Nurse Practice Act of the state, can take place if the RN teaches the
skill, observes a return demonstration, documents the teaching/learning process
in the LPN/LVN’s file, and provides ongoing direct supervision. LPN/LVNs are
under the direct supervision of professional nurses. Accreditation of the
school does not confer the right to accept delegation. Nursing shortages cannot
dictate the acceptability of delegation.
DIF:
Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 50 | p.
64 OBJ: 3
TOP:
Delegation KEY: Nursing Process Step:
N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
12. A major reason for LPN/LVN graduates to join nursing
organizations is that membership
|
a.
|
keeps one updated on issues that affect
practical nursing.
|
|
b.
|
enhances one’s standing among registered
nurses.
|
|
c.
|
provides an opportunity to draft legislation
for health care workers.
|
|
d.
|
encourages practical nurses to expand their
social horizons.
|
ANS: A
Membership in a
nursing organization provides access to information relevant to the standing,
as well as the practice, of nursing. Proposed changes in the Nurse Practice Act
can be disseminated and the organization can use its collective power to
support or call for defeat of such measures. The greater the membership in an
organization, the greater the political power the group has. The other options
are not considered major reasons for belonging to a nursing organization.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Analysis
REF: p.
63
OBJ: N/A
TOP:
Political
action
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
13. Which statement best explains the “entry into practice”
controversy?
|
a.
|
Nursing shortages would be relieved if all
nurses entered into practice as LPN/LVNs.
|
|
b.
|
The return to self-proclaimed nurses would
save scarce health care dollars.
|
|
c.
|
“Entry into practice” refers to discerning
the educational level most appropriate for entry into the practice of
nursing: ADN, BSN, MSN.
|
|
d.
|
After graduation, all professional and
vocational nurses should enter practice by serving a 1-year internship in a
hospital setting.
|
ANS: C
“Entry into practice,”
originally advanced by the ANA, refers to the movement to establish two levels
of nursing. More recently it has become a question of determining the most
appropriate entry into practice for professional nurses: the ADN, BSN, or
master’s level of preparation. The other options are not related to entry into
practice.
DIF:
Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p.
62
OBJ: 5
TOP: Entry
into
practice
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
14. Which was the first state to pass a law licensing practical
nurses?
|
a.
|
Alabama
|
|
b.
|
California
|
|
c.
|
New York
|
|
d.
|
Mississippi
|
ANS: D
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